Ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuphumelelayo kuncike ekulungiseni nasekufakweni kwe-polyelectrolytes. Lawa ma-polymers enza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, okuvumela ukukhishwa okuphumelelayo kokungcola emanzini angcolile namanzi aphuzwayo. Kodwa-ke, i-viscosity engafanele noma ukugxila kwezixazululo ze-polyelectrolyte kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-floc okunganele, izinhlelo ezivalekile, noma ukungathobeli imithetho eqinile yezemvelo, okuholela ezijezisweni ezibizayo kanye nokulimala kwemvelo.
Izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi zingafinyelela ukulawula okunembile phezu komthamo we-polyelectrolyte ngokusebenzisa ukuqapha okuzenzakalelayo okusemgqeni. I-Lonnmeter isithuthukisiweizixazululo zokulinganisa i-viscosityukunika amandla izindawo zokuhlanza ukuze zihlangabezane namazinga okulawula, kuncishiswe izindleko, futhi kube neqhaza ekulawuleni amanzi ngendlela eqhubekayo.
I-Coagulation kanye Nenqubo Yokugeleza Ekuhlanzeni Amanzi
Iinqubo coagulation ekwelapheni amanziihlose ukukhipha okuqinile okumisiwe, ama-colloid, nezinto eziphilayo emanzini nasemanzini angcolile. Le nqubo ihilela izigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukuhlangana, lapho ama-ejenti asusa uzinzo enciphisa izindleko zezinhlayiyana, kanye nokugeleza, lapho izinhlayiya zihlangana zibe ama-flocs amakhulu, alungisekayo.
Iinqubo ye-coagulation flocculationibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nokucaciswa kwamanzi aluhlaza, ukususwa kwemibala, nokususa amanzi ngodaka ezimbonini ezinjengamandla, insimbi, izimayini, ukudla, izindwangu, ne-pulp nephepha. Amandla okuxuba abalulekile abalulekile, njengoba ukuhlaziywa kwe-fractal kubonisa ukuthi ukusakazeka nokushayisana kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal kulawula ukwakheka kwe-floc.
Iqhaza Le-Polyelectrolytes Ekuhlanzeni Amanzi
Ama-Polyelectrolyte abalulekile empilwenii-coagulation yezinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi, esebenza njengama-ejenti e-flocculation athuthukisa ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiyana. Lawa ma-polymers emvelo anochungechunge olude, atholakala ngamafomu e-cationic, i-anionic, noma angewona ama-ionic, aphatha amaqembu asebenzayo e-ionzable akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-floc ngokusebenzisa ukunethezeka kwenkokhiso kanye nokuhlanganisa ibhuloho. Ekwelashweni kwamanzi angcolile, ama-polyelectrolyte asetshenziselwa ukucaciswa, ukulungiswa kwe-sludge, kanye nokufakwa kwamafutha, kuyilapho ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, athuthukisa izinqubo ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-gypsum ekukhiqizeni i-phosphoric acid noma ukususwa kobumba emifudlaneni ye-borax.
Imiphumela Yokugxila Okungalungile kanye Ne-Viscosity Yamanzi Angcolile
Ukugxiliswa kwe-polyelectrolyte okungalungile noma i-viscosity ku-inqubo coagulation ekwelapheni amanzi angcolileingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ibeke engozini ibhalansi ethambile yezinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi.
Ukweqisa umthamo kungabangela ukumiswa kwezinhlayiya, ukuvala izikhungo zokwelashwa noma kuholele emapayipini afriziwe kanye nokuqhuma, kuyilapho ukwehlisa umthamo kuholela ekubunjweni kwefloc okungekuhle, kushiye amanzi engcolile futhi engahambelani nezindinganiso zokulahla. Ukwehluleka okunjalo kungaletha izinhlawulo ezinkulu ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezilawulayo, kulimaze amathuluzi, futhi kudedele amanzi aphathwe ngokungafanele emifuleni noma olwandle, okulimaza imvelo.
Ama-Polyelectrolytes - Ama-Flocculation Agents
Njengama-ejenti abalulekile we-flocculation, ama-polyelectrolytes ashayelainqubo ye-coagulation flocculationngokuthuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya ezinhle zibe yizicucu ezinkulu ezingahlukaniswa kalula nge-sedimentation noma ukuntanta. Atholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene—i-granular, powder, noma uketshezi olunamehlo aphezulu (5,000–10,000 cP)—ama-polyelectrolyte afana ne-polyacrylamide (PAAM) enzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ngokusekelwe enkokhisweni, isisindo samangqamuzana, kanye ne-morphology.
Ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile, asiza ukukhishwa kwezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, umbala, namafutha, kuyilapho ezinqubweni zezimboni, athuthukisa ukusebenza okufana nokucaciswa kwejusi kashukela kanye nokufakwa kwensimbi ekucwengisiseni i-electrolytic. Kodwa-ke, ama-polyelectrolyte anefasitela elincane le-flocculation, lapho ukweqisa kancane kungahlakaza kabusha izinhlayiya, futhi ukuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunciphisa i-viscosity, kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni. Umthamo onembile kanye nokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwakho ku-i-coagulation yezinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi.
Iyunithi yokulungiselela okuzenzakalelayo (Ref: Keiken Engineering)
Izidingo Zokulungiselela Okuzenzakalelayo Nohlelo Lokusebenzisa
Ukulungiselela okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlelo zokudosa ziguqula inqubo ye-coagulation kanye ne-flocculation ekuphathweni kwamanzi ngokuqinisekisa ukunemba nokusebenza kahle ekufakweni kwe-polyelectrolyte. Lezi zinhlelo zibhekana nezidingo ezibalulekile ezikhungweni zokwelapha zesimanje, zithuthukisa ukusebenza nokuhambisana.
I. Qinisekisa Ukugxila Okulungile Kwezixazululo Ze-Polyelectrolyte
- Ukulinganisa Okunembile: Amasistimu azenzakalelayo aletha ukugxila kwe-polyelectrolyte (isb, 0.2–1 g/L yokwelashwa kodaka, 0.02–0.1 g/L ukuze kucaciswe) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwe-floc.
- Ukuthobela Umthetho: Umthamo onembile uvimbela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile noma ukwehlisa umthamo, uqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwemvelo.
- Udoti Oncishisiwe: Ukugxilisa ingqondo okunembile kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamakhemikhali, kwehlisa izindleko kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
- Ukuzinza Kwenqubo: Igcina ikhwalithi ye-floc engaguquki, inciphisa ubungozi bokuvinjwa kwesistimu noma ukulimala kwemishini.
II. Ukuncika kokuncika kwe-Viscosity
- I-Viscosity Njengenkomba Yokusebenza: I-Polyelectrolyte viscosity ihambisana nesisindo samangqamuzana nobuqotho beketango, okuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kwe-flocculation.
- Ukulungiswa Kwesikhathi Sangempela: Amasistimu azenzakalelayo aqapha izinguquko ze-viscosity ngenxa yokuwohloka noma ukuhlanjululwa, eqinisekisa ukudotshwa okufanele.
- Ukuxuba Izigaba Ezimbili: Ukuxuba kokuqala kwamandla aphezulu kuvimbela ukwakheka "kwe-fisheye", kuyilapho ukuxuba okuphansi kwamandla kugcina amaketanga e-polymer, kugcina i-viscosity.
- Umthamo Okhethekile Wohlelo Lokusebenza: Ilungisa i-viscosity yemisebenzi ethile efana nokususa amanzi ngodaka noma ukucaciswa kwamanzi aluhlaza, ithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwenqubo.
Isixazululo somkhiqizo: I-Polymer Viscometer eku-inthanethi
I-Lonnmeter iku-inthanethii-viscometer polymeryisiguquli segeyimu senqubo yokuhlangana ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile, enikeza ukuqapha kwe-viscosity yesikhathi sangempela ukuze kusetshenziswe umthamo we-polyelectrolyte ngokugcwele. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:
- I-Viscosity Range Ebanzi:Ilinganisa u-10–1,000,000 cP, efaka ama-emulsion polymers ane-viscosity ephezulu njenge-polyacrylamide.
- Idizayini Eqinile:Isebenza ezindaweni zokwelashwa ezinzima, imelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezimo zokugunda.
- Ukuqapha Okudidiyelwe Kwezinga Lokushisa:Ukunemba okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukufundwa okunembayo kwe-viscosity enxeshezelwe izinga lokushisa.
- Ukuzenzakalela Okungenazihibe:Ihlanganisa ne-PLC kanye nezinhlelo ze-DCS zokulungiswa kokudosa okuzenzakalelayo.
- Ukunakekela Okuphansi:Idizayini ehlangene, engathengeki iqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside.
Ngokungafani nezindlela ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ezifana ne-Pour noma i-Gravity Drainage Test, i-viscometer ye-Lonnmeter iletha idatha eqhubekayo, enembile, eqeda ukubambezeleka kwesampula namaphutha, futhi iqinisekisa umthamo onembile we-flocculant ukuze ukwakheka kwe-floc okuphelele.
Izinzuzo ze-Viscosity Automation ku-Polymer Blending
I-automation ye-viscosity kudosi ye-polyelectrolyte iletha izinzuzo eziguqukayo zezitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusimama:
- I-Polymer Dosing Elungiselelwe:Ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity yesikhathi sangempela kuqinisekisa ukugxila kwe-polyelectrolyte okunembile, kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-floc kanye nokuxazulula ukusebenza kahle.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwekhemikhali Okuncishisiwe:Ukulinganisa okunembile kunciphisa udoti we-polymer, ukwehlisa izindleko kanye nomthelela wemvelo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi:Ukuxuba okulungiselelwe kunciphisa izidingo zamandla, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
- Ukuthobela Umthetho Okuthuthukisiwe:I-dosing engaguquki ivimbela ukwephulwa kokukhishwa, ukugwema izinhlawulo.
- Ukuvikelwa Kwesistimu Okusebenzayo:Ukutholwa ngokushesha okudidayo kuvimbela ukuvinjwa, ukuqhuma kwamapayipi, noma ukwehluleka kokwelashwa.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinhlelo Ezithuthukile:Ukuhambisana nezibalo eziqhutshwa yi-AI kanye namawele edijithali kunika amandla umthamo wokubikezela kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo.
- Ukuthwebula Okuthuthukisiwe Kokuqina:Igcina ukugxila kwekhekhe ngaphansi kwama-200 ppm, isekela ukubuyiswa kwezakhi kanye nokulawulwa kodaka.
Lezi zinzuzo zibonisa ukunemba okubonwa ezinqubweni ezifana nokuvutshelwa okuqhubekayo kwe-penicillin, okuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
Inqubo ye-coagulation kanye ne-flocculation ibalulekile ekuzuzeni amanzi asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi angcolile. I-viscometer ye-online polyelectrolyte viscometer ye-Lonnmeter iguqula le nqubo ngokuhlinzeka ngokuqapha kwe-viscosity ngesikhathi sangempela, iqede ukungasebenzi kokuhlolwa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, kanye nokuqinisekisa umthamo ophelele we-flocculant.
Lawula inqubo yakho yokuhlanganisa ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile—thintana ne-Lonnmeter namuhla ukuze ucele ukucaphuna okufanelana nawe futhi uphakamise ukusebenza kahle nokuthobela indawo yakho!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2025
