UkuntantakuNzuzo
I-Flotation ikhulisa inani le-ores ngokuhlukanisa ngobuciko amaminerali abalulekile kumaminerali e-ganggue ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa ngokusebenzisa umehluko obonakalayo namakhemikhali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isebenzisana nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, izinsimbi ezisansimbi, noma amaminerali angeyona insimbi, i-flotation idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu.
1. Izindlela Zokuntanta
(1) Ukuntanta Okuqondile
I-flotation eqondile isho ukuhlunga amaminerali abalulekile odongeni ngokuwavumela ukuthi abambelele kumabhamuza omoya futhi antante phezulu, kuyilapho amaminerali e-ganggue ehlala odaka. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekuzuzeni izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi. Isibonelo, ukucutshungulwa kwe-ore kufika esigabeni sokuntanta ngemva kokuchotshozwa nokugaywa ekucutshungulweni kwe-ore yethusi, lapho abaqoqi be-anionic abathile bethulwa ukuze kuguqulwe i-hydrophobicity futhi babashiye ukuze bakhangise ebusweni bamaminerali ethusi. Bese izinhlayiya zethusi ezingama-hydrophobic zinamathela kumabhamuza omoya futhi ziphakame, zenze ungqimba lwegwebu elinethusi elicebile. Leli gwebu liqoqwa ekuhlanganisweni kokuqala kwamaminerali ethusi, asebenza njengempahla eluhlaza yezinga eliphezulu ukuze athuthukiswe.
(2) Ukuhlehla Ukuntanta
Ukuhlehla kwe-flotation kubandakanya ukuntanta amaminerali e-ganggue kuyilapho amaminerali abalulekile ehlala odaka. Isibonelo, ekucutshungulweni kwensimbi yensimbi enokungcola kwe-quartz, abaqoqi be-anionic noma be-cationic basetshenziselwa ukushintsha indawo yamakhemikhali yodaka. Lokhu kushintsha imvelo ye-hydrophilic ye-quartz ibe yi-hydrophobic, ukuyivumela ukuthi inamathele kumabhamuza omoya futhi intante.
(3) I-Flotation Ekhethwayo
Uma ama-ore equkethe izingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, ukuntanta okukhethekile kuyawahlukanisa ngokulandelana ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nomsebenzi wamaminerali kanye nenani lezomnotho. Le nqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuntanta iqinisekisa ukuthi imineral ngayinye ebalulekile itholwa ngokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye namazinga okuthola kabusha, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.
(4) I-Bulk Flotation
I-Bulk flotation iphatha amaminerali abalulekile amaningi ewonke, iwantanta ndawonye ukuze kutholakale ukugxiliswa okuxubile, okulandelwa ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo. Isibonelo, ekuzuzeni i-copper-nickel ore, lapho amaminerali ethusi nawe-nickel ahlotshaniswa eduze, ukuntanta kwenqwaba kusetshenziswa ama-reagents afana nama-xanthates noma ama-thiols kuvumela ukuntanta ngesikhathi esisodwa kwe-sulfide yethusi namaminerali e-nickel, okwenza ukugxilisa ingqondo okuxubile. Izinqubo zokuhlukanisa eziyinkimbinkimbi ezilandelayo, ezifana nokusebenzisa i-lime nama-cyanide reagents, hlukanisa ithusi elihlanzekile kakhulu kanye nokugxila kwe-nickel. Le ndlela "yokuqoqa kuqala, ngokuhlukana-kamuva" inciphisa ukulahleka kwamaminerali abalulekile ezigabeni zokuqala futhi ithuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo amazinga okubuyiselwa kwensimbi eyinkimbinkimbi.
2. Izinqubo Zokuntanta: Ukunemba Kwesinyathelo Nesinyathelo
(1) Inqubo Yokuntanta Kwesiteji: Ukuthuthukiswa Okungeziwe
Ekuntanteni, i-flotation yesiteji iqondisa ukucutshungulwa kwezinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlukanisa inqubo yokuntanta ibe yizigaba eziningi.
Ngokwesibonelo, enqubweni yokuntanta enezigaba ezimbili, insimbi igaya kanzima, ikhulule amaminerali abalulekile ngokwengxenye. Isigaba sokuqala sokuntanta sibuyisela la maminerali akhululiwe njengokugxila kokuqala. Izinhlayiya ezisele ezingakhululekile ziqhubekela esigabeni sesibili sokugaya ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi owengeziwe, kulandelwa isiteji sesibili sokuntanta. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaminerali abalulekile asele ahlukaniswa kahle futhi ahlanganiswe nokugxilwa kwesigaba sokuqala. Le ndlela ivimbela ukugaya ngokweqile esigabeni sokuqala, inciphisa ukumosheka kwezinsiza, futhi ithuthukise ukunemba kokuntanta.
Ukuze uthole ama-ore ayinkimbinkimbi, njengalawo aqukethe izinsimbi eziningi ezingavamile ezinezinhlaka zekristalu eziboshwe ngokuqinile, inqubo ye-flotation yezigaba ezintathu ingasetshenziswa. Izinyathelo ezishintshanayo zokugaya nokuntanta zivumela ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iminerali ngayinye ebalulekile ikhishwa ngokuhlanzeka okukhulu kanye nezinga lokululama, okubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa.
3. Izinto Ezibalulekile Ekuphaphazeni
(1) Inani le-pH: Ibhalansi Ecashile Ye-Slurry Acidity
Inani le-pH le-slurry lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuntanteni, libe nomthelela omkhulu ezindaweni zamaminerali kanye nokusebenza kwe-reagent. Uma i-pH ingaphezu kwephuzu le-isoelectric leminerali, ingaphezulu liba necala elibi; ngaphansi kwayo, ubuso bushajwe kahle. Lezi zinguquko ekushajeni okungaphezulu ziphoqa ukusebenzisana kwe-adsorption phakathi kwamaminerali nama-reagents, njengokukhanga noma ukunyanyiswa kozibuthe.
Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-acidic, amaminerali e-sulfide ayazuza emsebenzini wokuqoqwa othuthukisiwe, okwenza kube lula ukuthwebula amaminerali e-sulfide eqondiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo ze-alkaline zenza kube lula ukuntanta kwamaminerali e-oxide ngokushintsha izakhiwo zawo ezingaphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlangana kwe-reagent.
Amaminerali ahlukene adinga amazinga athile e-pH ukuze antante, okudinga ukulawulwa okunembile. Isibonelo, ekuntanteni kwezingxube ze-quartz ne-calcite, i-quartz ingantanta ngokukhethayo ngokulungisa i-pH e-slurry iye ku-2-3 kanye nokusebenzisa abaqoqi abasekelwe ku-amine. Ngokuphambene, i-calcite flotation ithandwa ezimweni ze-alkaline nabaqoqi be-fatty-based-based. Lokhu kulungiswa okunembayo kwe-pH kuyisihluthulelo sokuzuza ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo kwamaminerali.
(2) Umbuso we-Reagent
Umbuso we-reagent ulawula inqubo yokuntanta, ehlanganisa ukukhethwa, umthamo, ukulungiswa, kanye nokwengezwa kwama-reagents. Ama-reagents akhetha ngokukhetha endaweni yamaminerali eqondiwe, eshintsha i-hydrophobicity yawo.
Ama-Frothers agxilisa amabhamuza ku-slurry futhi enze lula ukuntanta kwezinhlayiya ze-hydrophobic. Amagwebu avamile ahlanganisa amafutha kaphayini namafutha e-cresol, akha amabhamuza azinzile, anosayizi omuhle wokunamathiselwa kwezinhlayiyana.
Izilungisi zenza kusebenze noma zivimbele izakhiwo ze-mineral surface futhi zilungise izimo zamakhemikhali noma ze-electrochemical zodaka.
Umthamo we-reagent udinga ukunemba—amanani anganele anciphisa i-hydrophobicity, ehlisa amanani okuthola kabusha, kuyilapho amanani eqile ama-reagents emfucuza, andisa izindleko, futhi ehlisa ikhwalithi yokugxilisa ingqondo. Imishini ehlakaniphile njengeimitha yokuhlushwa eku-inthanethiukwazi ukulawula okunembile kwemithamo ye-reagent.
Isikhathi kanye nendlela yokwengeza i-reagent nakho kubalulekile. Ama-adjuster, ama-depressants, nabanye abaqoqi bavame ukungezwa ngesikhathi sokugaya ukuze kulungiswe indawo yamakhemikhali e-slurry kusenesikhathi. Abaqoqi kanye nama-frother ngokuvamile bayengezwa kuthangi lokuqala lokuntanta ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwabo kahle ngezikhathi ezibucayi.
(3) Izinga Lomoya
Izinga lokungenisa umoya lidala izimo ezifanele zokunamathiselwa kwebhamuza lamaminerali, okulenza libe yisici esibalulekile ekuntanteni. Ukungena komoya okunganele kubangela amabhamuza ambalwa kakhulu, okunciphisa ukungqubuzana namathuba okunamathiselwe, ngaleyo ndlela kukhinyabeze ukusebenza kokuntanta. Ukungena komoya ngokweqile kuholela ekuvukeleni ngokweqile, okubangela ukuba amabhamuza aphuke futhi akhiphe izinhlayiya ezinamathiselwe, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.
Onjiniyela basebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokuqoqwa kwegesi noma ukulinganisa kokugeleza komoya okusekelwe ku-anemometer ukuze kulungiswe amazinga omoya. Ngezinhlayiya ezimahhadla, ukwanda kwe-aeration ukukhiqiza amabhamuza amakhulu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuntanta. Ukuze uthole izinhlayiya ezinhle noma ezintanta kalula, ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kuqinisekisa ukuntanta okuzinzile nokuphumelelayo.
(4) Isikhathi Sokuntanta
Isikhathi sokuntanta siyibhalansi ethambile phakathi kwebanga lokugxilisa ingqondo nezinga lokuthola kabusha, okudinga ukulinganisa okunembayo. Ezigabeni zokuqala, amaminerali abalulekile anamathela ngokushesha kumabhamuza, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu okubuyisela futhi agxilise amamaki.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba amaminerali ayigugu entanta, amaminerali e-ganggue nawo angase akhuphuke, ahlanza ukuhlanzeka okugxilile. Kuma-ore alula anamaminerali angama-coarer-grained futhi antanta kalula, izikhathi zokuntanta ezimfushane zanele, ukuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokululama ngaphandle kokudela izinga lokugxilisa ingqondo. Ngama-ore ayinkimbinkimbi noma aphikisayo, izikhathi ezinde zokuntanta ziyadingeka ukuze kuvunyelwe amaminerali acolisekile isikhathi esanele sokusebenzisana nama-reagents namabhamuza. Ukulungiswa okunamandla kwesikhathi sokuntanta kuwuphawu lobuchwepheshe bokuntanta obunembayo nobusebenzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-22-2025
