Ukugxiliswa Kokudla Neziphuzo
Ukugcwala kokudla kusho ukususa ingxenye yencibiliki ekudleni okuwuketshezi ukuze kukhiqizwe kangcono, kulondolozwe futhi kuthuthwe. Ingase ihlukaniswe ngokuhwamuka futhi imise ukugxila.
I-Evaporation Concentration
Ukuhwamuka kusebenza ngesisekelo somehluko oguquguqukayo phakathi kwe-solute ne-solvent. Lapho ukuguquguquka kwe-solute esixazululweni kukuncane futhi i-solvent inokuguquguquka okusobala, i-solvent ikhishwa ngokushisa ukuze igxilise isisombululo. Isixazululo sokudla esizogxiliswa sifakwa ku-evaporator futhi sishiswe umthombo wokushisa wangaphandle. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-solvent (amanzi) esixazululweni izoguqulwa ibe umhwamuko, ngoba indawo yokubilisa yamanzi iphansi kakhulu futhi kulula ukuhwamuka.
Phakathi nenqubo yokuhwamuka, umhwamuko we-solvent uphunyuka ngokuqhubekayo, kuyilapho i-solute (efana noshukela, amaprotheni, amaminerali, amavithamini, ama-pigment nezinye izingxenye ezingaguquki noma ezinzima-ukuguquguquka) ihlala kusixazululo esisele ngenxa yephuzu layo elibilisayo eliphakeme kanye nokuguquguquka okuphansi. Umhwamuko we-solvent ehwamukile ube usuqoqwa futhi upholiswe nge-condenser ukuze uguqulwe ubuyele esimweni esiwuketshezi. Le nqubo ingabuyisa amandla athile futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Amanzi ajiyile angagaywa kabusha noma akhishwe.
Isixazululo sangempela sigxiliswa sibe yivolumu emincane ngemva kokuhwamuka kanye nokufingqa njengokugxila okwandayo kwe-solute. Ikhambi lokudla eligxilile lingasetshenziselwa ukucubungula okulandelayo, njengokuphinda omiswe, amaswidi, ujamu, amajusi, noma njengento esetshenziswayo emaphakathi yokukhiqiza ukudla.
Ukuhwamuka kwezigaba eziningi noma okunemiphumela eminingi kanye nohlelo lokugxilisa ingqondo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni. Ngokuya ngezidingo zezinqubo ezithile zokukhiqiza, ukugxila kokudla kudinga ukulinganiswa ngokunembile ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokugxilisa ingqondo. Oxhumana nayeI-Lonnmeter, umphakeli wamamitha okugxilisa ingqondo aku-inthanethi, ukuze uthole okwengeziweimitha yokuhlushwa eku-inthanethiizixazululo.
Izici Eziyinhloko Zokuhwamuka kanye Nokugxila
Ukushisa kokushisa nesikhathi kufanele kubhekwe njengokuhwamuka kokudla nesiphuzo. "Ukushisa okuphansi nesikhathi esifushane" ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokudla ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyilapho "ukushisa okuphezulu nesikhathi esifushane" ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Ukushisa ngokweqile kuzodala ukuwohloka, ukushaja kanye ne-caking yamaprotheni, ushukela kanye ne-pectin. Izinto ezicutshunguliwe ezithintana eduze nendawo yokudlulisa ukushisa zithambekele ekulinganiseni izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa elizungezile lezinto. Uma isikali senziwe, sizophazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa futhi sibangele izinkinga zokuphepha. Isilinganiso esihle sokuxazulula inkinga yokukala ukwandisa isivinini soketshezi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonise ukuthi ukwandisa isivinini se-liquid kunganciphisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwesikali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokulwa nokukala amandla kazibuthe kanye nezindlela zamakhemikhali zokulwa nokukala zingathathwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukala okungaba khona.
I-Viscosity
Ukudla okuningi kufaka amaprotheni acebile, ushukela, i-pectin nezinye izithako ezine-viscosity ephezulu. Phakathi nenqubo yokuhwamuka, i-viscosity yesisombululo iyanda ngokugxila njengoba uketshezi luyancipha, okuvimbela ukushisa kokushisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhwamuka kwemikhiqizo ye-viscous, ukujikeleza noma izinyathelo ezinyakazayo eziphoqelelwe amandla angaphandle ngokuvamile ziyamukelwa.
Ukugwedla
Izinto zokudla ezinamaphrotheni amaningi zinomfutho omkhulu ongaphezulu. Lapho kuhwamuka futhi kubiliswa, kunamagwebu amaningi futhi azinzile, okwenza kalula ukuthi uketshezi lungene ku-condenser ngesitimu, okwenza uketshezi lulahlekelwe.Ukwakheka kwegwebu kuhlobene nokungezwani phakathi kobuso. Ukungezwani phakathi kobuso kwenzeka phakathi kwesitimu, uketshezi olushisa kakhulu kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, futhi okuqinile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwegwebu. Ngokuvamile, ama-surfactants angasetshenziswa ukulawula ukwakheka kwegwebu, futhi imishini ehlukahlukene ingasetshenziswa ukuqeda igwebu.
Ukugqwala
Okunye ukudla okune-acidic, okufana nejusi yemifino kanye nejusi yezithelo, kujwayele ukugqwala kwe-evaporator ngesikhathi sokuhwamuka nokugxila. Okokudla, ngisho nokugqwala okuncane kuvame ukudala ukungcola okwenza umkhiqizo ungafaneleki. Ngakho-ke, i-evaporator esetshenziselwa ukudla okune-asidi idinga ukwenziwa ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala futhi ezihambisa ukushisa, futhi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kufanele kube lula ukushintshwa. Isibonelo, ukugxiliswa kwesisombululo se-citric acid kungasebenzisa amashubhu okushisa e-graphite angangenisi noma izihwamuli zesemishi elingamelana ne-asidi.
Izingxenye eziguquguqukayo Ukudla okuningi okuwuketshezi kuqukethe izakhi ezinephunga elimnandi ne-flavour, eziguquguquka kakhulu kunamanzi. Lapho uketshezi luhwamuka, lezi zingxenye zizophunyuka kanye nomusi, okuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ogxilile. Nakuba ukugxilisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi kunganciphisa ukulahleka kwezingxenye ze-flavour, indlela engcono kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokubuyisela bese uwengeza emkhiqizweni ngemva kokululama.
I-Freeze Concentration
Uketshezi olusetshenziswayo lokudla (okufana nejusi, imikhiqizo yobisi noma ezinye izixazululo eziqukethe amanzi amaningi) lupholiswa endaweni yokushisa ephansi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwephuzu eliqandayo, amangqamuzana amanzi asesixazululo azoncipha ngendlela yamakristalu eqhwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi afinyelela ekulinganeni koketshezi oluqinile ezingeni lokushisa elithile kanye nokucindezela. Ngaphansi kwalokhu kushisa, amanzi amaningi amahhala azoqina kuqala, kuyilapho ama-solutes (njengoshukela, ama-acids ephilayo, ama-pigment, ama-flavour, njll.) akulula ukuqhwaza ngamanzi ngenxa yokuncibilika okuhlukile, kodwa ahlale ekugxilweni okungafriziwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamakristalu Eqhwa
Amakristalu eqhwa akhiwe ahlukaniswa nokugxilisa ingqondo nge-centrifugation, filtration noma ezinye izindlela zomzimba. Le nqubo ayibandakanyi ukuhwamuka kwe-solutes, ngakho-ke ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuwohloka kwezithako ezizwela ukushisa nokulahlekelwa iphunga. I-concentrate ngemva kokuhlukanisa amakristalu eqhwa iwumkhiqizo wokuhlushwa oqandisiwe, onokugxila kwe-solute ephakeme kakhulu kunesixazululo sokuqala, kuyilapho igcina umbala wangempela, ukunambitheka, inani lokudla okunomsoco kanye nokunambitheka kokudla ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu.
Ukulawula Izimo Zokuqanda
Phakathi nenqubo yokugxilisa iqhwa, izici ezifana nezinga lokubanda, izinga lokushisa eliqandayo kanye nesikhathi kudingeka zilawulwe ngokunembile ukuze kuthuthukiswe usayizi wekristalu yeqhwa, i-morphology kanye nokwehlukana nokugxilile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ubuchwepheshe be-Freeze concentration bufaneleka ngokukhethekile ukudla okungezwani nokushisa neziphuzo, njengamajusi ezithelo ezintsha nemifino, imikhiqizo yebhayoloji, imithi kanye nama-condiments aphezulu. Ingakwazi ukukhulisa ikhwalithi yemvelo yezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi inezici zokonga amandla nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Nokho, le ndlela inemikhawulo ethile. Isibonelo, inqubo yokugxilisa ingqondo ayikwazi ukuvalwa inzalo ngempumelelo futhi ingadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kokuvala inzalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izixazululo ezine-viscosity ephezulu noma eziqukethe izithako ezikhethekile, ubunzima bokuhlukanisa amakristalu e-ice kusuka ekugxilweni kungase kwande, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuhlushwa kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-13-2025
