Njengoba amanani entengo kawoyela emhlabeni wonke ekhuphuka kanye nokushintshela kumandla esimeme ngesivinini, ukukhiqizwa nokwamukelwa kwamanye amafutha afana ne-ethanol, i-biodiesel, ne-butanol sekufinyelele emazingeni angakaze abonwe. Lawa ma-biofuels awalolongi kabusha ingxube yamandla kuphela kodwa futhi adala izidingo eziphuthumayo zobuchwepheshe benzwa obuthuthukisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba ekuhlanganisweni kukaphethiloli, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, nokusebenza kahle.
Uma sithatha abakhiqizi be-ethanol nabahlinzeki njengesibonelo, inselele enkulu isekugcineni ukuhambisana kukaphethiloli, ukuthuthukisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokulawula.
Faka i-Lonnmeter, umsunguli ohamba phambili kubuchwepheshe benzwa yenqubo, enesixazululo esisezingeni eliphezulu esidizayinelwe ukubhekana ngqo nalezi zinselele: abanelungelo lobunikazi.imitha yokuminyana emgqeni. Yakhelwe izidingo eziguqukayo zazo zombili izimakethe ze-petrochemical nezinye izimakethe zikaphethiloli, lobu buchwepheshe bempumelelo bunikeza indlela eqinile, engabizi kakhulu yokuqapha ikhwalithi yamafutha ngesikhathi sangempela.
Izinselelo Ekwenziweni Kwe-Ethanol Yendabuko
Abakhiqizi be-biofuel abakhiqiza i-ethanol kaphethiloli esitovini sombila basebenzisa ukucwiliswa kwemvelo okujwayelekile kuvamile, basebenzisa ukulawula izinga lokushisa ukuze banqume izingxenyana ze-ethanol. Kodwa-ke, ukungcola ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezifana ne-methanol nama-esters kuvame ukubangela ukuhwamuka kokungcola okubalulekile ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwe-distillation. Isibonelo, i-methanol iyahwamuka endaweni yokubilisa engu-64.7°C ngaphambi kwe-ethanol bese ixutshwa engxenyeni ye-ethanol.
Amasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa awakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngempumelelo i-ethanol ne-methanol nokunye ukungcola, okuholela ekushintshashintsheni okuphawulekayo kokuhlanzeka kwe-ethanol okuqediwe nokusebenza kabusha okuvamile.
Ukungcola Okuholela Emaphutheni Obumsulwa
Uma okuqukethwe kwe-methanol etshwaleni obubiliswayo obungavuthiwe kungaphezu kuka-1.5%), ingxube ye-ethanol-methanol-amanzi iyahwamuka ngaphambi kwe-ethanol emsulwa kuyilapho izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwekholomu yokucwiliswa lifinyelela ku-78.3 °C. Ngakho-ke, ukuminyana kwengxube ye-ternary kungaphansi kakhulu kunenani eliqondiwe elingu-0.80 g/cm³. Amasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa awakwazi ukubona lokhu kuhluka futhi aqhubeke nokukhipha okuvamile, okuholela emikhiqizweni ephelile enokuqukethwe kwe-methanol eyeqile.
Kuhlehlisiwe Ukungenelela Ngesandla
Ukuthatha amasampula okuminyana nokuhlola kuthatha imizuzu engama-20 ngemva kokuthatha isampula. Ngalesi sikhathi, amathani angama-5-8 we-ethanol engavumelani kungenzeka ukuthi asekhishiwe, futhi ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kwesilinganiso se-reflux akunakwenzeka, okuholela ekuzinzeni kwenqubo embi.
Izixazululo ze-Lonnmeter Zokuqapha Ikhwalithi Ye-Biofuel
Ukuqapha Kwesikhathi Sangempela Okunembe Kakhulu
Isilinganiso sesikhathi sangempela sokuminyana ngobuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi be-Lonnmeter sivumela ukuhlaziywa okunembayo kwezingxenye zikaphethiloli. Imitha ye-Coriolis mass density ikala ukuminyana ngobuningi bokudlidliza koketshezi, ifinyelela ukunemba okungu-±0.001 g/cm³. Ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa umehluko wokuminyana phakathi kwe-ethanol, amanzi, i-methanol, nezinye izakhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igweme ukwahlulelwa okungalungile kokuhlanzeka okubangelwa ukuhwamuka kwe-methanol ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa okuvamile.
Imitha yokuminyana yemfoloko yokulungisa, enonemba ±0.001 g/cm³, ijwayelana notshwala obubonakalayo obungaphansi kuka-2000 CP ezimeni zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezinengcindezi ephezulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa esakhelwe ngaphakathi silungisa imithelela ebangelwa ukuguquguquka kokuminyana nezinga lokushisa, nama-alamu kusengaphambili ngokuqapha ukuchezuka okujwayelekile kokuminyana (σ), okuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwedatha oluthembekile lokulawula inqubo.
I-Dynamic Closed-Loop Control
Izixazululo ze-Lonnmeter zithola ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwamapharamitha wenqubo ngokusebenzisa ukuqondana kokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Imikhawulo yokuminyana ehleliwe ivula izindlela zokuxhuma. Isibonelo, khuphula isilinganiso se-reflux ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ukuminyana kwe-ethanol distillation kuphezulu kakhulu noma ulungise ivolomu yokukhipha lapho ukuminyana kuphansi kakhulu.
Idizayini Yokusebenza Nokwethenjelwa Kokulwa Nokuphazamiseka
Ibhekana nobunzima bezimo zezimboni, imishini ye-Lonnmeter ihlanganisa izinto ezimelana nokugqwala kanye nemiklamo engaqhumi. Izinto ezifana ne-Hastelloy ne-titanium alloy zimelana nemidiya egqwalayo eqinile njenge-methanol ne-acetic acid, inweba impilo yemishini ibe yiminyaka engu-8–10—inde ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2–3 kunensimbi yendabuko.
Imiklamo yeziteshi zokunqanda ukuvala inciphisa ubungozi bokugcinwa koketshezi olune-viscosity ephezulu. Izitifiketi ezingaqhumi zifanelana nezindawo ezivuthayo neziqhumayo, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa elibanzi (-40 °C~150 °C) limboza izimo ezimbi kakhulu ukusuka emakhazeni ase-Arctic kuya ekushiseni kwetropikhi, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile.
Uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlukahlukene
Amamitha we-inline density ayasebenza kukho konke ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli, ukugcinwa, ezokuthutha, neketango lokufaka isicelo. Ku-bioethanol distillation, ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ukuminyana kwekholomu kuvumela ukusika okunembile kwe-ethanol emsulwa engu-95%. Ku-petrochemical vacuum distillation, ukusika kwengxenye eguquguqukayo ngokuminyana kunciphisa ukunqwabelana kusuka ku-15% kuya ngaphansi kuka-5%, okwandisa isivuno ngo-8%. Ekugcinweni kukaphethiloli nasekuthuthweni, idatha yokuminyana iguqula ukugeleza kwevolumu ibe ukugeleza kwenqwaba, igwema amaphutha okulinganisa abangelwa izinga lokushisa nokuqinisekisa ukukhokhelwa kokuhwebelana okufanelekile. Ekuqaphelweni kukaphethiloli wendiza, izexwayiso zokungcoliswa kwesikhathi sangempela ziqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuminyana.
Ukuhlanganiswa Okuhlakaniphile Nokuphathwa Kwedatha:
Imishini ye-Lonnmeter isekela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things), ivumela ukuqapha okukude, ukulandelelwa kwedatha, nokugcinwa kokuqagela ngezinkundla zamafu. Ukulawulwa okunembile kwekhwalithi kaphethiloli kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokuncintisana kwemakethe.
Xhumana nathi namuhla ukuze ujabulele izixazululo zamahhala ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, lapho ithimba lochwepheshe lizoklama izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuqapha ukuminyana ngokusekelwe ezimweni zakho zenqubo kanye nezinhlobo zikaphethiloli; abafake izicelo bokuqala abayi-100 bangathola futhi amasampula amahhala alinganiselwe ukuze baqinisekise ukunemba kwemishini nokusebenza ezivivinyweni zomhlaba wangempela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-06-2025
