Ngo-1938, i-Nestle yamukela ukomiswa okuthuthukisiwe kokufuthwa kokukhiqiza ikhofi ngokushesha, okuvumela impushana yekhofi esheshayo incibilike ngokushesha emanzini ashisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivolumu encane nosayizi kwenza kube lula kwisitoreji. Ngakho-ke ithuthuke ngokushesha emakethe enkulu. Njengamanje izinhlobo zekhofi ezisheshayo ezidumile zibandakanya i-Nestle, i-Maxwell, i-UCC, njll.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ikhofi esheshayo
Ikhofi esheshayo isiphuzo sekhofi esiqinile esicutshungulwa ngokugazingiwa kukabhontshisi wekhofi nokuchotshozwa, ukukhishwa kwento encibilikayo ngamanzi, bese yomiswa ngomoya oshisayo noma ukoma okomisiwe. Kulula ukuncibilika emanzini bese ubuyela ekhofini eliwuketshezi elinokunambitheka kwangempela kanye ne-flavour. Inqubo yokukhiqiza imi kanje: ukuhlolwa kobhontshisi wekhofi, ukususwa kokungcola, ukugazinga, ukugaya, ukukhipha, ukugxila, ukomisa, ukupakisha.
II. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Enqubo Yokukhiqiza Ikhofi Esheshayo
(I) Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambili Kobhontshisi Wekhofi Okuluhlaza
Okokuqala, izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zikhethwe ngokucophelela. Amabhontshisi amasha ekhofi agqamile, ayindilinga futhi afana neyunifomu ngosayizi, ngaphandle kokukhunta, okubilile, okumnyama, okudliwe yizimpethu, ubhontshisi ophukile kakhulu kanye nokunye okungaphansi, kanye nokungcola okuhlukahlukene okunjengamagobolondo embewu, izingqimba zenhlabathi, izigxobo zokhuni, amatshe, nezinsimbi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi, ukuhlukaniswa kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izikrini ezidlidlizayo, ukucindezela komoya noma ukudlulisa i-vacuum.
(II) Ukugazinga
Ukugazinga kuyinqubo ewujuqu yokwakha ukunambitheka nekhwalithi yekhofi esheshayo. Izinqubo zezentengiselwano zikabhontshisi wekhofi zisebenzisa i-roaster yomlilo eqondile enguhhafu eshisayo noma i-hot air roaster enamagumbi okugazinga ngendlela yesigubhu esijikelezayo ngokuvamile. Izinga lokushisa lokugazinga kanye nesikhathi sokugazinga yizici ezibalulekile ezibalulekile.
Ubude besikhathi sokubhaka abuhlukani kuphela ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo kanye nohlobo lwekhofi, kodwa futhi kuncike ezingeni lokuthosa elidingekayo kumkhiqizo wokugcina. Isikhathi esifushane sokugazinga sibonisa ukuthi ubhontshisi wekhofi uthambile nge-asidi eqinile, ukubaba okubuthakathaka kanye nokukhipha kalula ngemva kokugaya. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isikhathi eside sokugazinga sibonisa ukuthi ubhontshisi wekhofi unoshukela one-asidi ebuthakathaka, ukubaba okuqinile kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi ekukhishweni kwempushana ecolekile.
Ukugazinga okunganele kuzoholela ekubeni nephunga elibi, umbala ompofu womkhiqizo oqediwe kanye nezinga eliphansi lokukhipha; ukugazinga ngokweqile kuzoholela emvuleni kawoyela owengeziwe, okuzothikameza ukukhishwa futhi kuthinte umsebenzi wokumisa isifutho. Ngakho-ke, izimo ezinhle zokuthosa kufanele zinqunywe umbala womkhiqizo, iphunga, isivuno, ukusebenza kahle komnotho kanye nezimo zokuklama imishini yokukhiqiza.
Lapho ubhontshisi wekhofi ufinyelela izinga lokugazinga elidingekayo, cisha umlilo, yeka ukufudumeza, bese upholisa ubhontshisi wekhofi ngokushesha. Ngoba ngisho noma ukushisisa kuyekwa, ukushisa ngaphakathi kukabhontshisi wekhofi kuzoqhubeka kugazingiwa isikhathi esithile, ngakho ngemva kokuba ubhontshisi bekhofi sebethelwe egunjini lokugazinga, kufanele kuvulwe isiphephetha-moya ukuze kuphole ukuze izinga lokushisa linganyuki. Embonini, inani elithile lamanzi abandayo lifafazwa egunjini lokuthosa ukuze liphole, bese amabhontshisi wekhofi athosiwe akhishwe egunjini lokugazinga ukuze aphole.
(III) Isitoreji Esimile
Kungcono ukugcina ubhontshisi wekhofi ogazingiwe usuku olulodwa ukuze uvumele isikhutha namanye amagesi ukuba ahwamuke futhi adedele, kuyilapho futhi umunca ngokugcwele umswakama osemoyeni ukuze athambise ubhontshisi, ovumela ukumuncwa. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana zokugaya buhlobene nemishini yokukhipha esetshenzisiwe. Izinhlayiya ezinhle zisiza ekukhishweni okuphezulu kodwa zivimbela ukuhlunga okulandelayo kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezimahhadla zinzima ukukhishwa kodwa kulula ukuhlungwa. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi obujwayelekile bezinhlayiya zekhofi eliphansi lingaba ngu-1.5 mm.
(IV) Ukukhipha
Ukukhipha ingxenye emaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yenqubo yokukhiqiza ikhofi esheshayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokujwayelekile uma zikhipha zibizwa ngokuthi i-extractor, enamathangi okudonsa angu-6 kuya kwayi-8 axhunywe elinye kwelinye ngamapayipi futhi angakhiwa ngokushintshana abe iyunithi yokusebenza.
(V) Ukwehlukaniswa Okuqinile Okuwuketshezi
Uketshezi lwekhofi olukhishiwe luzoba nezinto eziningi eziqinile ezisele. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile okuwuketshezi koketshezi lwekhofi ngaphambi kokuba luhanjiswe kunqubo elandelayo. Isihlukanisi sovemvane singafinyelela umphumela wokuhlukanisa odingekayo ngokujwayelekile.
(VI) Ukugxila
I-concentration ihlukaniswa ngokugxila kwe-vacuum, ukugxilisa kwe-centrifugal kanye nokugxilisa iqhwa ngokuvamile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokumisa, ukunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukugxila okuqinile kufinyezwa ukuze kufinyelele ngaphezu kwama-35%. Ukugxiliswa kwe-vacuum kwehlisa indawo yokubilisa yamanzi ifike cishe kumadigri angu-60 ku-vacuum pressure ngaphezu kuka-0.08Mpa. Ukuze uketshezi lugxile ngokushesha. Okusemgqeni ikhoffee slphuthuma concei-ntrationimithaisiza ukuphela kokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokunqunywa kokugxilisa okuphindaphindiwe nokukhathazayo ngokuqapha kwayo okunembayo okuphezulu ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukugxila kokugxilisa ingqondo ngokuvamile akudluli ama-60% (i-refractometer). Njengoba izinga lokushisa loketshezi olugxilile oluphuma embhoshongweni wokuhwamuka liphezulu kunezinga lokushisa legumbi, kufanele lipholiswe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ethangini lokugcina ukuze kwehliswe ukulahlekelwa.
(VII) Futha Ukomisa
Uketshezi olugxilile luthuthelwa ngokuqondile phezulu kombhoshongo wokumisa isifutho ngepompo yokucindezela, lufuthwe enkungwini ngesibhamu sokufutha ngokucindezela, bese lomiswa lube yimpushana ngaphansi kokushisa kanye nokugeleza komoya cishe ku-250°C. Ukomisa nge-vacuum noma ubuchwepheshe bokumisa iqhwa nakho kungasetshenziselwa ukomisa. Ubuchwepheshe bokumisa iqhwa buwukufriza ukugxilisa ikhofi ekushiseni okuphansi, futhi amanzi akuwo aba yiqhwa abe yizinhlayiya zekristalu yeqhwa, abese eshiswa futhi afakwe ngaphansi kwezimo ze-vacuum eziphezulu ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokomisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ngemuva kokuthi ukugxilisa ingqondo kucutshungulwe, ukwelashwa okungeziwe okudingekayo kungenziwa ekugxiliseni, futhi kungathuthukiswa kube isiphuzo esiwuketshezi.
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole okwengeziweizixazululo zokuqapha okugxilile okusemgqeni. Noma ungaxhumanaI-Lonnmeterngqo nezidingo zakho ezithile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-10-2025
