Inqubo yeMannheim yePotassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Ukukhiqiza

Izindlela Zokukhiqiza Eziyinhloko ze-Potassium Sulfate

Inqubo yeMannheim is inqubo yezimboni yokukhiqiza i-K2SO4,ukusabela kokubola phakathi kuka-98% we-sulfuric acid ne-potassium chloride emazingeni okushisa aphezulu njenge-byproduct hydrochloric acid. Izinyathelo eziqondile zihlanganisa ukuxuba i-potassium chloride ne-sulfuric acid nokusabela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kwakhiwe i-potassium sulfate ne-hydrochloric acid.

I-Crystallizationsukwehlukanaikhiqiza i-potassium sulfate ngokugazinga i-alkali njengegobolondo lembewu ye-tung nomlotha wezitshalo, bese kulandelwai-leaching, ukuhlunga, ukugxila, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal nokomisa ukuze uthole i-potassium sulfate.

Ukusabela kweI-Potassium ChloridefuthiI-Sulfuric Acid emazingeni okushisa athile ngesilinganiso esithile kungenye indlela yokuthola i-potassium sulfate.Izinyathelo ezithile zihlanganisa ukuncibilika kwe-potassium chloride emanzini afudumele, ukwengeza i-sulfuric acid ukuze kuphenduleke, bese i-crystallizing ku-100-140 ° C, kulandelwa ukuhlukaniswa, ukungathathi hlangothi, nokomisa ukukhiqiza i-potassium sulfate.

Izinzuzo zeMannheim Potassium Sulfate

Inqubo yeMennheim iyindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza i-potassium sulfate phesheya kwezilwandle. Indlela enokwethenjelwa futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ikhiqiza i-potassium sulfate egxilile ene-solubility ephakeme yamanzi. Isixazululo se-asidi esibuthakathaka sifanele umhlabathi we-alkaline.

Izimiso Zokukhiqiza

Inqubo yokusabela:

1. I-Sulfuric acid ne-potassium chloride kulinganiswe ngamamitha futhi kondliwa ngokulinganayo egumbini lokusabela lesithando somlilo saseMannheim, lapho asabela khona ukukhiqiza i-potassium sulfate ne-hydrogen chloride.

2. Ukusabela kwenzeka ngezinyathelo ezimbili:

i. Isinyathelo sokuqala yi-exothermic futhi senzeka ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi.

ii. Isinyathelo sesibili sihilela ukuguqulwa kwe-potassium bisulfate ku-potassium sulfate, okuyi-endothermic enamandla.

Ukulawula izinga lokushisa:

1. Ukusabela kufanele kwenzeke emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-268°C, ububanzi obufanele bube ngu-500-600°C ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokubola ngokweqile kwe-sulfuric acid.

2. Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, izinga lokushisa lokusabela ngokuvamile lilawulwa phakathi kuka-510-530°C ukuze kube nokuzinza nokusebenza kahle.

Ukusetshenziswa Kokushisa:

1. Ukusabela ku-endothermic kakhulu, kudinga ukuhlinzekwa kokushisa okungaguquki okuvela ekushisweni kwegesi yemvelo.

2. Cishe u-44% wokushisa kwesithando somlilo ulahleka ezindongeni, u-40% uthathwa amagesi okukhipha umoya, futhi u-16% kuphela osetshenziselwa ukusabela kwangempela.

Izici ezibalulekile zenqubo yeMannheim

Isithando somliloububanzi yisici esinqumayo samandla okukhiqiza. Iziko elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wonke linobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-6.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lokushayela oluthembekile luyisiqinisekiso sokusabela okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile.Izinto eziphikisayo kufanele zimelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ama-asidi aqinile, futhi zinikeze ukudluliswa kokushisa okuhle. Izinto zokwenziwa kwezinto ezinyakazayo kumele zimelane nokushisa, ukugqwala nokuguga.

Ikhwalithi Yegesi Ye-Hydrogen Chloride:

1. Ukugcina i-vacuum encane ekamelweni lokuphendula kuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya kanye namagesi e-flue awayincibilikisi i-hydrogen chloride.

2.Ukuvalwa kahle nokusebenza kahle kungafinyelela ukugxila kwe-HCl okungama-50% noma ngaphezulu.

Ukucaciswa kwe-Raw Material:

1.I-Potassium Chloride:Kufanele ihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile zomswakama, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, kanye nezidingo zokuqukethwe kwe-potassium oxide ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu ukusabela.

2.I-Sulfuric Acid:Idinga ukugxiliswa okungu-99% yokuhlanzeka nokusabela okungaguquki.

Ukulawula izinga lokushisa:

1.I-Reaction Chamber (510-530°C):Iqinisekisa ukusabela okuphelele.

2.Igumbi Lomlilo:Ibhalansisa okokufaka kwegesi yemvelo ukuze kushiswe ngendlela efanele.

3.I-Tail Gas Temperature:Ilawulwa ukuvimbela ukuvinjwa kwe-exhaust nokuqinisekisa ukumuncwa kwegesi okusebenzayo.

Inqubo Ukuhamba komsebenzi

• Ukusabela:I-Potassium chloride ne-sulfuric acid zifakwa ngokuqhubekayo ekamelweni lokuphendula. I-potassium sulfate ewumphumela iyakhishwa, ipholiswe, ihlolwe futhi isuswe nge-calcium oxide ngaphambi kokupakishwa.
• Ukuphathwa komkhiqizo:
  • Igesi ye-hydrogen chloride enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa iyapholiswa futhi ihlanzwe ngochungechunge lwezikhuhla nemibhoshongo yokumuncwa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-industrial-grade hydrochloric acid (31-37% HCl).
  • Ukukhishwa kwegesi yomsila kuphathwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zemvelo.

Izinselele kanye Nokuthuthukiswa

1. Ukulahlekelwa Ukushisa:Ukushisa okuphawulekayo kulahleka ngamagesi akhipha umoya nezindonga zesithando somlilo, okugqamisa isidingo sezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokubuyisela ukushisa.
2. Ukugqwala Kwezisetshenziswa:Le nqubo isebenza ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezimo ezine-asidi, okuholela ezinseleleni zokugqoka nokugcinwa.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Hydrochloric Acid By-product:Imakethe ye-hydrochloric acid ingagcwala, okwenza kudingeke ucwaningo kwezinye izindlela zokusetshenziswa noma izindlela zokunciphisa ukuphuma komkhiqizo.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-Mannheim potassium sulfate ibandakanya izinhlobo ezimbili zesisi esikhishwa imfucumfucu: igesi evuthayo ephuma kugesi yemvelo kanye negesi ye-hydrogen chloride ekhiqizwayo.

I-Exhaust Evuthayo:

Izinga lokushisa lokuphuma komlilo ngokuvamile liba ngu-450°C. Lokhu kushisa kudluliselwa nge-recuperator ngaphambi kokuthi kukhishwe. Nokho, ngisho nangemva kokushintshaniswa kokushisa, izinga lokushisa legesi ekhishwayo lihlala licishe libe ngu-160°C, futhi lokhu kushisa okusalayo kukhishelwa emkhathini.

I-Byproduct Hydrogen Chloride Gas:

Igesi ye-hydrogen chloride iyakhuhla embhoshongweni wokuwasha we-sulfuric acid, ukumuncwa kumshini wokumunca ifilimu ewayo, kanye nokuhlanzwa embhoshongweni wokuhlanza igesi ephumayo ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe. Le nqubo ikhiqiza u-31% we-hydrochloric acid, lapho ngaphezuluukugxila kungaholela ekukhiqizwenihhayi kuzeamazinga kanye nokwenza "ukudonsa umsila" okwenzeka ekuphumeni.Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sangempelai-hydrochloric acid isilinganiso sokuhlushwa iphenduka ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono:

Yehlisa Ukugxila Kwe-Acid: Yehlisa ukugcwala kwe-asidi phakathi nenqubo yokumuncwangeimitha yokuminyana emgqeni ukuqapha okunembile.

Khulisa Ivolumu Yamanzi Ajikelezayo: Thuthukisa ukujikeleza kwamanzi ku-absorption yefilimu ewayo ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa.

Yehlisa Umthwalo ku-Exhaust Gas Purification Tower: Lungiselela ukusebenza ukuze unciphise umthwalo ohlelweni lokuhlanza.

Ngalokhu kulungiswa kanye nokusebenza okufanele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, into yokudonsa umsila ingaqedwa, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo.