Isidingo sezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile (i-REE) emhlabeni wonke sizofinyelela amatani angu-315,000 ngo-2030, okuqhutshwa yizimoto zikagesi, amandla omoya, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-elekthronikhi. Ukuhlinzekwa kuvinjelwe ukutholakala okusha okulinganiselwe kanye nezindleko zokungena eziphezulu. Amasu okuhlola amaminerali omhlaba ongavamile asebenzayo, okuhlanganisa ukusampula kwabantu abaningi kanye nokuhlaziywa okusheshayo, anciphisa umjikelezo wokuthola nokukhiqiza, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho amaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke evame ukweqiwa izinyanga ezingu-12-24. Amazwe anokuhlola okusheshayo, njengeShayina ne-Australia, athole isabelo semakethe esingaphezu kuka-80% kusukela ngo-2017. Ukuhlolwa okulungiselelwe kwezinto zomhlaba ongavamile kwenza ukwabiwa okungcono kwezinsizakusebenza, kuqinise ukuncintisana njengoba ukuguquguquka kwemakethe kukhuphuka.
Ukulawulwa Kwebanga Lomhlaba Ongavamile
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Izinselele Ekucubunguleni Amaminerali Angavamile Nokuphathwa Kwezinsalela
Ukukhishwa kwamaminerali omhlaba ongavamile kubhekene ne-mineralology eyinkimbinkimbi. I-Monazite kanye ne-bastnaesite zidinga ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali okunamandla, okuphakamisa izindleko zokucubungula kanye nengozi yemvelo. Ukukhishwa kwe-acid yendabuko kukhiqiza inani elikhulu le-tailings enobuthi nge-thorium, i-uranium, kanye ne-fluoride. E-Bayan Obo, izindawo zokususa amaminerali zimboza ngaphezu kwe-10 km² futhi zithwala ingozi yokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba isikhathi eside. Izindlela zesimanje zokucubungula amaminerali omhlaba ongavamile zihlose ukukhulisa amazinga okubuyisa ngaphezu kwama-85% futhi zinciphise okokufaka kwamakhemikhali, kodwa izithiyo zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho ziyaqhubeka. Imithelela yezenhlalo nezomnotho ifaka phakathi ukulahlekelwa komhlaba, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi aqinile, kanye nemiphakathi ethintekile, evame ukuhlotshaniswa nezindlela zokumba ezindala. Amasu okuphatha i-rare earth tailings asebenzayo, okuhlanganisa ukulahlwa okuphephile kwe-rare earth tailings kanye nokuqapha okuyisisekelo ngesikhathi sangempela, kubalulekile ekusimeni nasekuhambisaneni nemithetho. Ukwehluleka ukuphatha umthelela wemvelo we-rare earth tailings kungabangela izikweletu zokuhlanza ezidlula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-100 endaweni ngayinye. Izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe, ezisekelwa ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-XRF ekuhlolweni kwamaminerali, zenza kube lula ukunciphisa imfucuza eqondiwe kanye nemikhuba yokulungisa ephephile.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokuhlaziya Ezimayini Zomhlaba Ezingavamile
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindlela Zokuhlaziya Ezivamile Neziphathekayo
I-ICP-MS, i-LIBS, kanye nokuthwebula izithombe nge-hyperspectral kuyizindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola amaminerali angavamile emhlabeni. I-ICP-MS ifinyelela imikhawulo yokuthola emazingeni e-ppt ama-lanthanides, kodwa ukulungiswa kwesampula kudinga ukugaya i-acid kanye nengqalasizinda yelebhu. I-LIBS ivumela ukuthuthwa kwe-laser ngaphakathi kwendawo, kodwa imiphumela ye-matrix kanye nokungafani kwesampula kuthinta ukunemba. Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-hyperspectral kuhlanganisa amaminerali kuzo zonke izikali zendawo ezibanzi, kodwa ukulinganisa ama-REE akuqondile futhi kudinga ukucutshungulwa ngemuva. Zonke izindlela ezivamile ziletha izindleko ezinkulu zabasebenzi, ukujikeleza okuhamba kancane, kanye nemithwalo yempahla; ukubambezeleka okuvamile kokuhlaziywa kwelebhu kuyizinsuku zokusebenza ezi-5-15 kanye nezindleko zesampula ngayinye ezidlula u-$50–$200 kuye ngobunzima bamaminerali. Umthamo wesampula unqunyelwe ukudluliswa kwelebhu, okuvame ukukhawulela ukusampula kwemigodi yokuqhuma okukhulu kanye nokuphakamisa izingozi zokwabiwa kabi komuntu ngamunye.
Isingeniso Sokuhlaziywa Kwe-XRF Ephathekayo
Abahlaziyi be-XRF abasebenzisa ishubhu ephathekayo bavumela ukuhlolwa okuqondile, okusendaweni kwezinto zamaminerali eziqinile kanye nezindawo ezisele. I-XRF isebenza ngama-athomu esampula ajabulisayo ane-X-ray, ikhiqiza ama-spectra athile ezinto ezilinganisa ama-REE—kufaka phakathi ama-lanthanides, i-yttrium, kanye ne-scandium—ngaphakathi kwemizuzu ngesilinganiso ngasinye. I-Lonnmeter XRF mineral analyzer ifinyelela imingcele yokuthola ku-ppm ephansi yezindawo ezingavamile, iphatha ama-matrices e-ore ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi iletha ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo kwe-batch kuwo wonke amaphuzu esampula nsuku zonke. Lokhu kuqeda ukuthunyelwa kwesampula, kunciphisa ukuncika kuma-lab aphakathi, futhi kuvumela ukumepha okuqhubekayo okunobuningi bendawo obuphezulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-XRF endaweni kunciphisa izindleko zelebhu kanye nezokuthutha ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-80 futhi kuvumela impendulo yokulawula ibanga ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuhlola imigodi yokubhoboza amaminerali, kusekela ukukhishwa kwamaminerali ezindawo ezingavamile okusebenzayo kanye namasu okuphatha izindawo ezingavamile.
Ukusampula Kwemigodi Yokuqhuma kanye Nokuhlaziywa kwe-XRF: Ukonga Izindleko Zokusebenza
Izindlela zokusebenza ezivamile zincike ekuthathweni kwesampula yemigodi yokubhoboza amaminerali, ukuqoqwa kwamasampula ngesandla, ukupakishwa okuvaliwe, kanye nokuthunyelwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga ezingaphandle kwendawo. Ukushintsha okuvamile kuyizinsuku ezingu-2-10 ngebhetshi ngayinye; izindleko zisukela ku-$15–$50 ngesampula ngayinye, okuhlanganisa izindleko zokuthutha kanye nokuhlaziya. Ukubambezeleka kwamasu okuhlola amaminerali asekelwe elabhorethri omhlaba ongavamile kukhulisa izingozi zokwabiwa kabi—okuholela ekulahlekelweni yitshe noma ekucutshungulweni kwemfucuza okungadingekile.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-XRF okuphathekayo kwenza kube lula ukuhlola amaminerali, okuvumela ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ngqo emgodini wokuqhuma. Ukuhlaziywa kwendawo kwandisa inani lemigodi ehlolwe ngokushintsha ngakunye ngo-3–5×, kunciphisa isidingo sokubhoboza ngokweqile. Izindleko zabasebenzi nezokuthutha zehla ngo-70% ngemiphumela esheshayo kanye nokususwa kokuthunyelwa kwesampula.
Ukuhlola, ukucubungula, kanye namasu okuphatha i-rare earth tailings konke kuzuza ngokutholakala kwedatha okusheshayo. Izinqumo ezisheshayo zinciphisa ukulahlekelwa okungaqondile—izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukwehla kokuhlukaniswa kabi kwe-ore kanye namandla aphansi asetshenziswa edwaleni elingenalutho, okusindisa u-$20,000–$100,000 ngenyanga ezindaweni ezinkulu.
Izinzuzo Zemvelo Nezokulawula
Imephu yezinto eziyisisekelo enembile ngeLonnmeter isekela amasu okuphatha i-rare earth tailings, inciphisa umthelela we-rare earth tailings emvelweni. I-analyzer ibala izindawo ezishisayo zokukhishwa kwe-ammonia kanye nokusabalala kwezinto eziyisisekelo, isiza ukuhambisana nemithetho ehlose ukukhishwa kwezinto eziphuma ekukhishweni kwamaminerali. Ukungenelela kwe-tailings okuphephile kuncike ekuhlaziyweni kwe-XRF kwamasampula emigodi yokuqhuma ukuze kunqunywe ukuvinjelwa okuhle, kuncishiswe ukuphathwa kwemfucuza okungadingekile.
Ukukhulisa i-ROI by In-Situ XRF Mii-neral Ini-strui-ments
Isikhathi sesampula ukuze siphendule sehla kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-3-7 kuya ngaphansi kwemizuzu emihlanu ngomgodi wokuqhuma, kunciphisa izindleko zokulinda kuze kufike ku-70%. Kumaphrojekthi asebenzisa amasu ajwayelekile okuhlola amaminerali angavamile, ukuhlolwa kwe-XRF endaweni yokuhlola amaminerali konga u-$30–$70 ngesampula ngayinye ekuthunyelweni, ekuphathweni, nasekuhlaziyweni kwelebhu. Ukuhlolwa kwemigodi yokubhoboza okulungiselelwe kahle kwamaminerali kanye nokuqondiswa kwe-ore okuthuthukisiwe kubangela ukwanda okubhaliwe okungu-12-20% ekubuyiselweni kwezinsizakusebenza, kunciphisa ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ezingezona i-ore kanye nezindleko ezihlobene nazo.
Abaqhubi bahlola izidingo zokusebenzisa imigodi ngokususelwa ezindleleni zokuthatha amasampula emigodi yokuqhuma kanye nendawo. Amanani edatha yephrojekthi, ukuhlanganiswa nesofthiwe yokuhlela imayini, kanye nokubika ngezemvelo kokukhishwa kwamaminerali omhlaba ongavamile kuthinta. Ukuze uqalise ukuthunyelwa, cacisa indlela osebenza ngayo, ukusetshenziswa okufiswayo, kanye nemikhawulo yemithetho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-11-2026
